ngā purongo

1. Te Whakawhanaketanga me te Whakamahinga o te Hangarau Paninga Tika o te Kaihanga Rahi Nanoscale

He mea nui te hangarau paninga tika mō te rahi o te nanoscale, hei hangarau hou, ki te whakapai ake i tete mahi a ngā muka karāhe. Nā te nui o te horahanga mata motuhake, te kaha o te mahi mata, me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū pai rawa atu, ka taea e ngā rauemi nano te whakapai ake i te hototahitanga i waenga i te kaihoko ine me te mata muka karāhe, ā, ka whakarei ake i tōna kaha hononga ā-mata. Mā te paninga o ngā kaihoko ine nano, ka taea te hanga i tētahi paninga nano ōrite me te pumau ki runga i te mata muka karāhe, ka whakapakari i te piri i waenga i te muka me te matihiko, ā, ka whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga hangarau o te rauemi hiato. I roto i ngā tono mahi, ka whakamahia ngā tukanga matatau pēnei i te tikanga sol-gel, te tikanga rehu, me te tikanga tō mo te paninga o ngā kaihoko ine nano hei whakarite i te ōritetanga me te piri o te paninga. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i tētahi kaihoko ine kei roto te nano-silane, te nano-titanium rānei, me te paninga ōrite ki te mata muka karāhe mā te whakamahi i te tikanga sol-gel, ka hangaia he kiriata SiO2 nano ki runga i te mata muka karāhe, ka whakanui ake i tōna kaha me te hononga o te mata, ā, ka whakarei ake i tōna kaha piri ki te matihiko kapia.

2. Hoahoa Arotau o ngā Hanganga Kaihoko Rahi Maha-Wāhanga

Mā te whakakotahi i ngā wāhanga mahi maha, ka taea e te kaitātai rahi te hanga i tētahi paninga mahi hiato ki runga i te mata muka karāhe, hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia motuhake o ngā rauemi hiato muka karāhe i roto i ngā mara tono rerekē. E kore e taea e ngā kaitātai rahi maha-wāhanga te whakapai ake i te kaha here i waenga i ngā muka karāhe me te matihiko engari ka whakawhiwhia hoki ki a rātou ngā āhuatanga rerekē pēnei i te ātete ki te waikura, te ātete ki te UV, me te ātete ki ngā huringa pāmahana. Mō te hoahoa kua arotauhia, ko ngā wāhanga he rerekē ngā mahi matū ka tīpakohia, ā, ka tutuki he pānga mahi tahi mā roto i ngā ōwehenga tika. Hei tauira, ko te ranunga o ngā silane mahi rua me ngā polymer pēnei i te polyurethane me te epoxy resin ka taea te hanga i tētahi hanganga hono-whiti mā roto i ngā tauhohenga matū i te wā o te tukanga paninga, ka tino whakarei ake i te piri i waenga i te muka karāhe me te matihiko. Mō ngā hiahia motuhake i roto i ngā taiao tino uaua e hiahia ana ki te ātete ki te pāmahana me te ātete ki te waikura, ka taea te tāpiri i tētahi nui e tika ana o ngā matūriki uku ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, o ngā wāhanga tote whakarewa ātete-waikura rānei hei whakapai ake i te mahi whānui o te rauemi hiato.

3. Auahatanga me ngā Whakatutukitanga Hou i roto i te Tukanga Paninga Āwhina-Plasma

Ko te tukanga paninga āpiha rahi āwhina-plasma, hei hangarau whakarerekētanga mata hou, ka hanga he paninga ōrite me te matotoru ki runga i te mata o ngā muka karāhe mā te whakatakotoranga kohu ā-tinana, te whakatakotoranga kohu matū whakarei-plasma rānei, ka whakapai ake i te kaha hononga ā-kanohi i waenga i temuka karāheme te matihiko. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tikanga paninga āpiha rahi tuku iho, ka taea e te tukanga āwhina-plasma te tauhohe ki te mata muka karāhe mā roto i ngā matūriki plasma kaha-teitei i ngā pāmahana iti, ka tango i ngā poke o te mata me te whakauru i ngā rōpū hohe, ka whakarei ake i te hononga me te pumau matū o ngā muka. I muri i te paninga ki ngā muka karāhe kua rongoatia ki te plasma, ehara i te mea ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha hononga ā-mata anake, engari ka taea hoki te whakarato i ngā mahi tāpiri pēnei i te ātete ki te waikura, te ātete ki te UV, me te ātete ki ngā rerekētanga pāmahana. Hei tauira, mā te rongoā i te mata muka karāhe ki te tukanga plasma pāmahana-iti me te whakakotahi ki te āpiha rahi organosilicon ka taea te hanga i tētahi paninga ātete-UV me te ātete-mahana-teitei, ka roa ake te roa o te mahi a te rauemi hiato. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ka taea te whakanui ake i te kaha kume o ngā hiato muka karāhe kua pania ki ngā tikanga āwhina-plasma neke atu i te 25%, ā, ka tino pai ake te mahi ārai-pakeke i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana me te makuku rerekē.

4. Rangahau mō te Tukanga Hoahoa me te Whakarite o ngā Paninga Āwhina Rahi Arotau Atamai

Ko ngā paninga āpiha rahi aro-atamai he paninga ka taea te aro ki ngā huringa o te taiao o waho, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā rauemi atamai, ngā pūoko, me ngā rauemi hiato whakaora-ake. Mā te hoahoa i ngā āpiha rahi me te aro ki te taiao ki te pāmahana, te haumākū, te pH, me ētahi atu, ka taea e ngā muka karāhe te whakarite aunoa i ō rātou āhuatanga mata i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, ā, ka tutuki ai ngā mahi atamai. Ko ngā āpiha rahi aro-atamai ka tutukihia mā te whakauru i ngā polymer, i ngā ngota rānei me ngā mahi motuhake, e āhei ai rātou ki te whakarerekē i ō rātou āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū i raro i ngā whakaohooho o waho, ā, ka tutuki ai he pānga urutau. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i ngā paninga āpiha rahi kei roto ngā polymer aro-pāmahana, ngā polymer aro-pH rānei pērā i te poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā muka karāhe i roto i ngā huringa pāmahana, i ngā taiao waikawa me te kawakore rānei, e whakarite ana i ō rātou kaha mata me te makuku. Mā ēnei paninga ka taea e ngā muka karāhe te pupuri i te piripono me te roa o te hononga mata pai i roto i ngā taiao mahi rerekē [27]. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahaungā rauemi muka karāheMā te whakamahi i ngā paninga arotau atamai ka mau tonu te kaha kume pumau i raro i ngā huringa pāmahana, ā, he tino ātete ki te waikura i roto i ngā taiao waikawa me te kawakore.