He aha te karāhe muka?
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te muka karāhe nā te iti o te utu me ōna āhuatanga pai, ko te nuinga i roto i te umanga hiato. I te rautau 18, i mōhio ngā Pākehā ka taea te miro i te karāhe hei muka mō te raranga. He miro, he miro poto rānei ngā muka karāhe. He mea noa te whakamahi i ngā miro karāhe i roto i ngā rauemi hiato, ngā hua rapa, ngā whitiki kawe, ngā tāpaurini, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā muka poto te nuinga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whatu kore-whatu, ngā kirihou hangarau me ngā rauemi hiato.
Nā te āhua ā-tinana me te āhua miihini o te muka karāhe, te ngāwari o te hanga, me te iti o te utu ki te whakataurite ki te muka waro, koinei te rauemi whiriwhiri mō ngā mahi hiato mahi-teitei. He mea hanga ngā muka karāhe mai i ngā waikura o te silica. He tino pai ngā āhuatanga miihini o te muka karāhe pērā i te kore e pakarukaru, te kaha teitei, te iti o te pakari me te mama.
He maha ngā momo muka karāhe o ngā pūmua i whakapakaritia ki te muka karāhe, pērā i ngā muka roa, ngā muka tapatapahi, ngā whāriki whatu, me ngā whāriki miro tapatapahi, ā, e whakamahia ana hei whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha me te ā-tribological o ngā hiato pūmua. Ka taea e te muka karāhe te whakatutuki i ngā ōwehenga tirohanga tīmatanga teitei, engari ka taea e te pakarukaru te pakaru o ngā muka i te wā e tukatukahia ana.
Ngā āhuatanga muka karāhe
Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o te muka karāhe ko ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
Kāore e ngāwari ki te mimiti i te wai: He ātete wai te muka karāhe, ā, kāore e pai mō ngā kākahu, nā te mea kāore e mimitia te werawera, ka mākū te kaimau; nā te mea kāore te papanga e pāngia e te wai, e kore e mimiti.
Te Kore-ngāwari: Nā te kore o te ngāwari, kāore e tino totoro, e ora ake rānei te papanga. Nō reira, me rongoatia te mata kia kore ai e miro.
Kaha Rawa: He tino kaha te muka karāhe, tata rite tonu te kaha ki te Kevlar. Heoi, ina mirimiri ngā muka tetahi ki tetahi, ka whati, ka āhua huruhuru te papanga.
Ārai Mate: I te poto, he ārai mate pai te muka karāhe.
Āhuatanga Taupoki: He pai te taupoki o ngā muka, he mea tino pai mō ngā ārai.
Ātete Wera: He tino ātete wera ngā muka karāhe, ā, ka taea te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 315°C, kāore hoki e pāngia e te rā, e te mā, e te huakita, e te harore, e ngā pepeke, e te kawakore rānei.
Ngāwari: Ka pāngia te muka karāhe e te waikawa hydrofluoric me te waikawa phosphoric wera. Nā te mea he hua karāhe te muka, me āta tiaki te whakahaere i ētahi muka karāhe mata, pērā i ngā rauemi whakamahana whare, nā te mea he pakarukaru ngā pito muka, ā, ka taea te wero i te kiri, nō reira me mau karapu ina whakahaere ana i te muka karāhe.
Te whakamahinga o te muka karāhe
He rauemi kore-waro te muka karāhe, kāore e tahuna, ā, e 25% pea te kaha o te nuinga e mau ana i te 540°C. He iti noa te pānga o te karāhe ki te muka karāhe. Kāore ngā muka kore-waro e pokepokea, e pirau rānei. Ka pāngia te muka karāhe e te waikawa hauwaiwai, te waikawa whākawa wera me ngā matū kaha.
He rauemi ārai hiko tino pai tēnei. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te papanga muka he nui te haumākū, he kaha teitei, he iti te mimiti wera me te iti o te pūmau dielectric, ā, he rauemi whakapakari pai mō te tā i ngā pereti karāhe me ngā wanihi ārai.
Nā te ōwehenga kaha-ki-taumaha teitei o te muka karāhe, he rauemi pai rawa atu tēnei mō ngā tono e hiahia ana kia kaha nui me te iti o te taumaha. I roto i te āhua kakahu, ka taea te ahunga kotahi, te ahunga rua rānei o tēnei kaha, e āhei ai te ngāwari o te hoahoa me te utu mō te whānuitanga o ngā tono i roto i te mākete motuka, te hanganga ā-iwi, ngā taonga hākinakina, te rererangi, te moana, te hikohiko, te kāinga me te pūngao hau.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-16-2022 
