ngā purongo

1) Ātete ki te Waikura me te Ora Ratonga Roa

He tino pai te ātete o ngā paipa FRP ki te waikura, ā, he ātete ki te waikura mai i ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, ngā tote, te wai moana, ngā wai para hinuhinu, te oneone waikura, me te wai whenua—arā, he maha ngā matū. He pai hoki te ātete ki ngā waikura kaha me ngā halogen. Nō reira, ka roa ake te ora o ēnei paipa, neke atu i te 30 tau te roa. E whakaatu ana ngā whakatauira taiwhangaNgā paipa FRPKa taea te roa o te ora mahi mō ngā paipa whakarewa i ngā wāhi iti, i ngā wāhi tote-kawa, i ētahi atu wāhi waikura nui rānei, me tiaki i muri i te 3-5 tau anake, ā, ko te roa o te ora mahi mō ngā tau 15-20 anake, ā, he nui ake ngā utu tiaki i ngā wāhanga o muri mai o te whakamahinga. Kua whakamātauhia e ngā wheako mahi ā-rohe me ā-ao, e 85% o te kaha o ngā paipa FRP e mau tonu ana i muri i te 15 tau, me te 75% i muri i te 25 tau, me te iti o ngā utu tiaki. E neke atu ana ēnei uara e rua i te iti rawa o te kaha e hiahiatia ana mō ngā hua FRP e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga matū i muri i te kotahi tau o te whakamahinga. Ko te roa o te ora mahi o ngā paipa FRP, he mea nui te āwangawanga, kua whakamātauhia e ngā raraunga whakamātautau mai i ngā tono tūturu. 1) Ngā Āhuatanga Waipēhi Pai Rawa: Neke atu i te 40 tau te whakamahinga o ngā paipa FRP (kirihou whakakaha muka karāhe) i tāutahia ki te US i ngā tau 1960, ā, kei te mahi tonu i te tikanga.

2) Ngā Āhuatanga Waipēhi Pai

He maeneene ngā pakitara o roto, he iti te waku waipēhi, he penapena pūngao, ā, he ātete ki te tauine me te waikura. He taratara ngā pakitara o roto o ngā paipa whakarewa, ā, he nui te tauwehenga waku e tere piki ana me te waikura, ka nui ake te ngaronga ātete. Ka whakaratohia hoki e te mata taratara ngā āhuatanga mō te whakatakotoranga tauine. Heoi, ko te taratara o ngā paipa FRP he 0.0053, arā, 2.65% o ngā paipa maitai kore hononga, ā, ko te taratara o ngā paipa kirihou whakakaha he 0.001 anake, arā, 0.5% o ngā paipa maitai kore hononga. Nō reira, nā te mea he maeneene tonu te pakitara o roto i tōna roanga o te ora, ka whakaitihia e te tauwehenga ātete iti te ngaronga pēhanga i te taha o te paipa, ka penapena pūngao, ka whakanui ake i te kaha kawe, ā, ka nui ngā painga ōhanga. Ka āraihia hoki e te mata maeneene te whakatakotoranga o ngā poke pēnei i te huakita, te unahi, me te ware pi, ka ārai i te poke o te reo kawe.

3) He pai te ātete ki te koroheketanga, te ātete ki te wera, me te ātete ki te hukapapa

Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā paipa muka karāhe mō ngā wā roa i roto i te awhe pāmahana mai i te -40 ki te 80℃. Ka taea e ngā kapia ātete pāmahana teitei me ngā hanganga motuhake te mahi noa i ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 200℃. Mō ngā paipa e whakamahia ana i waho mō ngā wā roa, ka tāpirihia he ngongo hihi ultraviolet ki te mata o waho hei whakakore i te hihi ultraviolet me te whakaroa i te koroheketanga.

4) He iti te kawe wera, he pai te whakamarumaru me ngā āhuatanga whakamarumaru hiko

Kei te Ripanga 1 te kawe wera o ngā rauemi paipa e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko te kawe wera o ngā paipa muka karāhe he 0.4 W/m·K, tata ki te 8‰ te nui atu i te kawe wera o te maitai, ā, he pai rawa te mahi whakamahana. Kāore te muka karāhe me ētahi atu rauemi kore-whakarewa e kawe hiko, ā, ko te ātete whakamahana he 10¹² ki te 10¹⁵ Ω·cm, e whakarato ana i te whakamahana hiko tino pai, e pai ai mō te whakamahi i ngā wāhi he kikī ngā raina tuku hiko me ngā raina waea me ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te uira.

5) Mama, kaha motuhake teitei, ā, he pai te ātete ki te ngenge

Te matotoru okirihou whakakaha karāhe (FRP)kei waenganui i te 1.6 me te 2.0 karamu/cm³, he 1-2 noa iho te nui atu i te maitai noa, me te 1/3 pea o te konumohe. Nā te mea he kaha kume me te modulus ngāwari o ngā muka tonu i roto i te FRP, ka taea e tōna kaha miihini te eke, te neke atu rānei i te maitai waro noa, ā, e whā ngā wā o tōna kaha motuhake i te maitai. E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 2 i te whakataurite i te mātotoru, te kaha kume, me te kaha motuhake o te FRP me ētahi konganuku. He pai te ātete ngenge o ngā rauemi FRP. Ka puta ohorere te pakaru ngenge i roto i ngā rauemi konganuku mai i roto ki waho, he maha ngā wā kāore he whakatūpato i mua; heoi, i roto i ngā hiato muka-whakapakari, ka taea e te hononga i waenga i ngā muka me te matihiko te aukati i te horapa o te pakaru, ā, ka tīmata tonu te pakaru ngenge mai i te wāhi ngoikore rawa atu o te rauemi. Ka taea te whirihora i ngā paipa FRP kia rerekē ngā kaha porowhita me te tuaka mā te whakarerekē i te whakatakotoranga muka kia rite ki te āhua ahotea, i runga i ngā kaha porowhita me te tuaka.

6) He ātete pai ki te kakahu

E ai ki ngā whakamātautau e tika ana, i raro i ngā āhuatanga ōrite, ā, i muri i ngā huringa kawenga 250,000, ko te pakaru o ngā paipa rino he tata ki te 8.4 mm, ko ngā paipa sima asbestos he tata ki te 5.5 mm, ko ngā paipa raima he tata ki te 2.6 mm (he rite te hanganga o te mata o roto ki te PCCP), ko ngā paipa uku he tata ki te 2.2 mm, ko ngā paipa polyethylene matotoru he tata ki te 0.9 mm, ko ngā paipa muka karāhe he iti noa iho te pakaru ki te 0.3 mm. He tino iti te pakaru o te mata o ngā paipa muka karāhe, he 0.3 mm noa iho i raro i ngā kawenga taumaha. I raro i te pēhanga noa, he iti noa te pakaru o te reo i runga i te arai o roto o te paipa muka karāhe. Nā te mea he mea hanga te arai o roto o te paipa muka karāhe ki te kapia nui te ihirangi me te whāriki muka karāhe tapatapahi, ā, ko te paparanga kapia i runga i te mata o roto ka ārai pai i te pānga o te muka.

7) He pai te hoahoa

He rauemi hiato te muka karāhe, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā momo rauemi mata, ngā ōwehenga, me ngā whakaritenga kia urutau ki ngā āhuatanga mahi rerekē. Ka taea te hoahoa me te hanga i ngā paipa muka karāhe kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia motuhake a te kaiwhakamahi, pērā i ngā pāmahana rerekē, ngā tere rere, ngā pēhanga, ngā hohonutanga tanu, me ngā āhuatanga kawenga, ka hua ake he paipa me ngā ātete pāmahana, ngā whakatauranga pēhanga, me ngā taumata pakari rerekē.Ngā paipa muka karāheMā te whakamahi i ngā kapia ātete pāmahana teitei i hangaia motuhaketia, ka taea hoki te mahi noa i ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 200℃. He ngāwari te hanga i ngā hononga paipa muka karāhe. Ka taea te hanga noa i ngā flanges, ngā tuke, ngā tī, ngā whakaiti, me ētahi atu. Hei tauira, ka taea te hono i ngā flanges ki tētahi flanges maitai o te pēhanga me te diameter paipa rite tonu e rite ana ki ngā paerewa ā-motu. Ka taea te hanga i ngā tuke i tētahi koki e ai ki ngā hiahia o te papa hanga. Mō ētahi atu rauemi paipa, he uaua te hanga i ngā tuke, ngā tī, me ētahi atu hononga engari ko ngā wāhanga paerewa o ngā whakaritenga kua tohua.

8) He iti ngā utu hanga me te tiaki

He mama ngā paipa muka karāhe, he kaha, he ngāwari te whakakorikori, he ngāwari te kawe, he ngāwari hoki te tāuta, kāore e hiahiatia he mura ahi, kia haumaru ai te hanganga. Mā te roa o te paipa kotahi ka whakaiti i te maha o ngā hononga i roto i te kaupapa, ā, ka kore e hiahiatia he ārai waikura, he ārai poke, he ārai whakamahana, me ngā mahi tiaki wera, ka iti ai ngā utu hanga me te tiaki. Kāore e hiahiatia he tiaki katotika mō ngā paipa tanumia, ka taea ai te penapena neke atu i te 70% o ngā utu tiaki hangarau.