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Ngā porowhita karāhe tuwherame ā rātou rauemi whakahiato

Ko ngā rauemi pōtakataka totoka kaha-teitei mō ngā tono moana hohonu he mea hanga i ngā mea whakahaere pōtakataka (ngā porowhita iti tuwhera) me ngā mea whakahiato kapia kaha-teitei. I te ao whānui, ka tutuki i ēnei rauemi te mātotoru o te 0.4–0.6 g/cm³ me te kaha pēhi o te 40–100 MPa, ā, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā taputapu moana hohonu. Ko ngā porowhita iti tuwhera he rauemi hanganga motuhake kua whakakiia ki te hau. I runga i te hanganga o ā rātou rauemi, ka wehea te nuinga ki ngā porowhita iti whakahiato waro me ngā porowhita iti whakahiato kore-waro. He kaha ake te rangahau mō ngā porowhita iti whakahiato waro, me ngā pūrongo e pā ana ki ngā porowhita iti tuwhera polystyrene me ngā porowhita iti tuwhera polymethyl methacrylate. Ko ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana hei whakarite i ngā porowhita iti kore-waro ko te nuinga o te karāhe, te uku, te borates, te waro, me ngā cenospheres pungarehu rere.

Ngā Porowhita Karāhe Poka: Te Whakamārama me te Whakarōpūtanga

Ko ngā porowhita iti karāhe tuwhera he momo hou o te paura porowhita kore-whakarewa kore-waro, he pai rawa atu ōna āhuatanga pēnei i te iti o te rahi o te matūriki, te āhua porowhita, te mama, te ārai oro, te ārai wera, te ātete ki te kakahu, me te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei. Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā porowhita iti karāhe tuwhera i roto i ngā rauemi rererangi, ngā rauemi rokiroki hauwai, ngā rauemi pupuhi totoka, ngā rauemi ārai wera, ngā rauemi hanga whare, me ngā peita me ngā paninga. E rua ngā wāhanga e wehea ana:

① Ka taea te tiki i ngā Cenospheres, he mea hanga te nuinga mai i te SiO2 me ngā waikura whakarewa, mai i te pungarehu rere i hangaia i te wā e whakaputa hiko ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko wera. Ahakoa he iti ake te utu o ngā cenospheres, he iti te parakore, he whānui te tohatoha o te rahi o te matūriki, ā, he nui ake i te 0.6 g/cm3 te matotoru o te matūriki, ā, kāore e pai mō te whakarite rauemi pōrewarewa mō ngā tono moana hohonu.

② He porowhita karāhe hangai, ā, ka taea te whakahaere i tōna kaha, tōna mātotoru, me ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki mā te whakarerekē i ngā tawhā tukanga me ngā hanganga rauemi mata. Ahakoa he nui ake te utu, he whānui ake te whānuitanga o ngā whakamahinga.

Ngā Āhuatanga o ngā Maikoroporo Karāhe Pokapū

Ko te whānui o te whakamahinga o ngā porowhita karāhe tuwhera i roto i ngā rauemi pōrewarewa totoka, e kore e taea te wehe atu i ō rātou āhuatanga pai rawa atu.

①Ngā porowhita karāhe tuwherahe hanganga tuwhera ā-roto, ā, he māmā, he iti te mātotoru, he iti hoki te kawe wera. Ehara i te mea ka whakaitihia te mātotoru o ngā rauemi hiato anake, engari ka whakawhiwhia hoki ki a rātou he ārai wera pai, he ārai oro, he ārai hiko, me ngā āhuatanga whatu.

② He porowhita te āhua o ngā porowhita iti o te karāhe tuwhera, ā, he iti te pūngao (he whakakī pai) me te iti o te mimiti o te pūmua e ngā porowhita, nō reira he iti noa te pānga ki te rere me te matotoru o te matrix. Mā ēnei āhuatanga ka puta he tohatoha ahotea whaitake i roto i te rauemi hiato, ā, ka whakapai ake i tōna pakeketanga, tōna pakaritanga, me tōna pumautanga o ngā āhuatanga.

③ He kaha rawa ngā porowhita karāhe tuwhera. Ko ngā porowhita karāhe tuwhera he porowhita angiangi, he hiri, he karāhe te wāhanga matua o te anga, e whakaatu ana i te kaha nui. Ka whakanui ake tēnei i te kaha o te rauemi hiato me te pupuri i te kiato iti.

Ngā Tikanga Whakarite mō ngā Maikoroporo Karāhe Pokapū
E toru ngā tikanga matua mō te whakarite:
① Tikanga paura. Ka pakaruhia te mata karaihe tuatahi, ka tāpirihia he mea whakapūpū, kātahi ka tukuna ēnei matūriki iti mā roto i te oumu wera-teitei. Ina ngawari, ina rewa rānei ngā matūriki, ka puta he hau i roto i te karaihe. I te whānui haere o te hau, ka huri ngā matūriki hei porowhita kau, kātahi ka kohia mā te whakamahi i te wehewehe āwhiowhio, i te tātari putea rānei.

② Tikanga maturuturu. I tētahi pāmahana kua whakaritea, ka whakamaroketia te otinga kei roto he matū iti-ira-rewa, ka whakamahanatia rānei i roto i te oumu poutū pāmahana-teitei, pērā i te whakarite i ngā porowhita iti rawa te kawakore.

③ Tikanga tiēre maroke. E whakamahia ana e tēnei tikanga ngā alkoxide waro hei rauemi mata, ā, e toru ngā tukanga e uru ana: te whakarite i te tiēre maroke, te whakakorikori, me te whakahuka i te pāmahana teitei. He ngoikoretanga ō ēnei tikanga e toru: he iti te tere o te hanganga o ngā pirepire i te tikanga paura, he ngoikore te kaha o ngā porowhita iti i te tikanga pata, ā, he nui te utu o ngā rauemi mata i te tikanga tiēre maroke.

Te Papa Rauemi Hikoi Karāhe Pokapū me te Tikanga Hikoi

Hei hanga i tētahi rauemi pōrewarewa totoka kaha-teitei mengā porowhita karāhe tuwhera, me whai āhuatanga tino pai te rauemi matihiko, pērā i te iti o te mātotoru, te kaha teitei, te iti o te matotoru, me te pai o te whakahinuhinu ki ngā porowhita iti. Ko ngā rauemi matihiko e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā ko te kapia epoxy, te kapia polyester, te kapia phenolic, me te kapia silicone. I roto i ēnei, ko te kapia epoxy te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te hanga tūturu nā te mea he kaha teitei, he iti te mātotoru, he iti te mimiti wai, ā, he iti te whakahekenga whakamaroke. Ka taea te whakakotahi i ngā porowhita iti karāhe me ngā rauemi matihiko mā roto i ngā tukanga whakahāngai pērā i te maka, te whakakī korehau, te whakahāngai whakawhiti wai, te whakarārangi matūriki, me te whakahāngai pēhi. He mea nui kia whakanuia kia pai ake ai te āhua o te atanga i waenga i ngā porowhita iti me te matihiko, me whakarerekē hoki te mata o ngā porowhita iti, kia pai ake ai te mahi whānui o te rauemi whakahāngai.