Neke atu i te 50 tau te roa o te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi hiato i roto i te ao hokohoko. I ngā wāhanga tuatahi o te hokohoko, ka whakamahia noa iho ēnei i roto i ngā mahi teitei pēnei i te rererangi me te tiaki whenua. I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau, kei te tīmata te hokohoko i ngā rauemi hiato i roto i ngā ahumahi kaiwhakamahi mutunga rerekē pēnei i ngā taonga hākinakina, te rererangi ā-iwi, te motuka, te moana, te miihini ā-iwi me te hanga. Tae noa ki tēnei wā, kua tino heke te utu o ngā rauemi hiato (ngā rauemi mata me te hanga) ki te whakataurite ki ngā tau o mua, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei i runga i te tauine nui i roto i te maha o ngā ahumahi.
Ko te rauemi whakahiato he ranunga o te muka me te rauemi kapia i roto i tētahi ōwehenga. Ahakoa ko te hanganga kapia te mea e whakatau ana i te āhua whakamutunga o te whakahiato, ko ngā muka te mea hei whakapakari hei whakakaha i te wāhanga whakahiato. Ka rerekē te ōwehenga o te kapia ki te muka i runga i te kaha me te pakari o te wāhanga e hiahiatia ana e te Kaihanga Taputapu Taumata 1, e te Kaihanga Taputapu Taketake rānei (OEM).
Ko te hanganga kawenga matua e hiahia ana kia nui ake te ōwehenga o ngā muka ki te whakaritea ki te hanganga kapia, ko te hanganga tuarua ia e hiahia ana kia hauwhā noa iho o ngā muka i roto i te hanganga kapia. E pā ana tēnei ki te nuinga o ngā ahumahi, ko te ōwehenga o te kapia ki te muka e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tikanga hanga.
Kua riro te umanga waka moana hei tino kaha i roto i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi hiato o te ao, tae atu ki ngā rauemi matua pahuka. Heoi, kua pāngia hoki e te hekenga, me te puhoi o te hanga kaipuke me te pikinga o ngā taonga. Tērā pea nā te tūpato o ngā kaihoko, te hekenga o te mana hoko, me te whakawhiti anō i ngā rauemi iti ki ngā mahi pakihi whai hua me ngā mahi matua tēnei hekenga o te tono. Kei te whakarerekē anō hoki ngā whare hanga kaipuke i ā rātou hua me ngā rautaki pakihi hei whakaiti i ngā mate. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā whare hanga kaipuke iti i akiakihia kia wehe atu, kia hokona rānei nā te ngaronga o te pūtea mahi, ā, kāore i taea te pupuri i te pakihi noa. I pāngia te hanga o ngā waka nui (>35 putu), ko ngā poti iti (<24 putu) te arotahi o te hanga.
He aha i whakamahia ai ngā rauemi whakahiato?
He maha ngā painga o ngā rauemi hiato i runga i te whakarewa me ētahi atu rauemi tuku iho, pērā i te rakau, i roto i te hanganga poti. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā whakarewa pērā i te maitai, te konumohe rānei, ka taea e ngā rauemi hiato te whakaiti i te taumaha katoa o tētahi wāhanga mā te 30 ki te 40 ōrau. Mā te whakaiti katoa i te taumaha ka puta mai he maha ngā painga tuarua, pērā i te iti o ngā utu whakahaere, te iti o ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi me te pai ake o te whakamahinga o te wahie. Mā te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi hiato ka whakaitihia anō te taumaha mā te whakakore i ngā whakapiri mā te whakauru i ngā wāhanga.
Ka tukuna hoki e ngā rauemi hiato he mana hoahoa nui ake ki ngā kaihanga poti, ā, ka taea te hanga i ngā wāhanga he uaua ngā āhua. Hei tāpiri, he iti ake ngā utu huringa ora o ngā wāhanga hiato ki te whakatauritea ki ngā rauemi whakataetae nā te iti o ngā utu tiaki, me ngā utu tāutanga me te huihuinga nā te ātete ki te waikura me te roa. Kāore he mea miharo kei te manakohia ngā rauemi hiato i waenga i ngā OEM poti me ngā kaiwhakarato Tier 1.
Hikoi moana
Ahakoa ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā rauemi hiato, he maha tonu ngā wāhi hanga kaipuke me ngā kaiwhakarato Tier 1 e whakapono ana ka nui ake ngā rauemi hiato ka whakamahia ki ngā waka moana.
Ahakoa e tika ana kia whakamahia e ngā poti nunui ngā mea hiato matatau ake pērā i ngā kirihou whakakaha muka waro (CFRP), ko ngā poti iti ake te pūtake matua o te hiahia whānui mō ngā mea hiato moana. Hei tauira, i roto i te maha o ngā waka hou me ngā waka katamaran, ka whakamahia ngā rauemi hiato matatau, pērā i te muka waro/epoxy me te pahuka polyurethane, hei hanga i ngā takere, ngā kīra, ngā papa, ngā whakawhiti, ngā taputapu, ngā ārai, ngā taura me ngā rewa. Engari ko ēnei waka nui, ko ēnei waka katamaran rānei, he wāhanga iti noa iho o te hiahia katoa o te poti.
Ahakoa ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā rauemi hiato, he maha tonu ngā wāhi hanga kaipuke me ngā kaiwhakarato Tier 1 e whakapono ana ka nui ake ngā rauemi hiato ka whakamahia ki ngā waka moana.
Ahakoa e tika ana kia whakamahia e ngā poti nunui ngā mea hiato matatau ake pērā i ngā kirihou whakakaha muka waro (CFRP), ko ngā poti iti ake te pūtake matua o te hiahia whānui mō ngā mea hiato moana. Hei tauira, i roto i te maha o ngā waka hou me ngā waka katamaran, ka whakamahia ngā rauemi hiato matatau, pērā i te muka waro/epoxy me te pahuka polyurethane, hei hanga i ngā takere, ngā kīra, ngā papa, ngā whakawhiti, ngā taputapu, ngā ārai, ngā taura me ngā rewa. Engari ko ēnei waka nui, ko ēnei waka katamaran rānei, he wāhanga iti noa iho o te hiahia katoa o te poti.
Ko te hiahia whānui mō ngā poti ko ngā poti motuka (roto, waho me te kei), ngā poti jet, ngā waka wai tūmataiti me ngā poti whakatere (ngā waka tere).
Ka piki haere ngā utu o ngā rauemi hiato, nā te mea ka piki ake ngā utu mō ngā muka karāhe, ngā thermoset me ngā kapia thermoplastic me ngā utu hinu mata me ētahi atu utu whakauru. Heoi, e matapaetia ana ka heke ngā utu muka waro a ngā rā tata nei nā te pikinga ake o te kaha whakaputa me te whanaketanga o ngā matū mua rerekē. Engari kāore tōna pānga whānui ki ngā utu hiato moana e nui, nā te mea he iti noa te wāhanga o te tono mō ngā rauemi hiato moana e whakamahia ana ngā kirihou whakakaha muka waro.
I tētahi atu taha, ko ngā muka karāhe tonu ngā rauemi muka matua mō ngā hiato moana, ā, ko ngā polyesters kāore i te mākū me ngā vinyl esters ngā rauemi polymer matua. Ka mau tonu te Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) i te wāhanga nui o te mākete pahuka matua.
E ai ki ngā tatauranga, neke atu i te 80% o te katoa o ngā rauemi hiato moana e whakamahia ana e ngā rauemi hiato muka karāhe (GFRP), ā, 15% ngā rauemi matua pahuka. Ko te toenga he kirihou whakakaha muka waro, e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i ngā poti nui me ngā tono pānga nui i roto i ngā mākete motuhake.
Kei te kitea hoki te tipu haere o te mākete hiato moana i tētahi ia o ngā rauemi me ngā hangarau hou. Kua tīmata ngā kaiwhakarato hiato moana ki te rapu i te auahatanga, te whakauru i ngā kapia koiora hou, ngā muka taiao, ngā polyester iti-tukunga, ngā prepreg iti-pēhanga, ngā matua me ngā rauemi muka karāhe whatu. Ko te kaupapa matua ko te whakanui ake i te āheinga hangarua me te whakahou, te whakaiti i te ihirangi styrene, me te whakapai ake i te āheinga tukatuka me te kounga o te mata.
Wā tuku: Mei-05-2022
