E ai ki te āhua me te roa, ka taea te wehewehe i te muka karāhe ki te muka tonu, te muka roa pumau me te huruhuru karāhe; e ai ki te hanganga karāhe, ka taea te wehewehe ki te muka karāhe kore-waikawa, te ātete matū, te karāhe waenga, te kaha teitei, te modulus tere teitei me te ātete karāhe (ātete karāhe), me ētahi atu.
Ko ngā rauemi mata matua mō te hanga muka karāhe ko: te onepu quartz, te alumina me te pyrophyllite, te kōhatu papa, te dolomite, te waikawa boric, te pungarehu houra, te mirabilite, te fluorite, me ētahi atu. E rua ngā momo tikanga hanga: ko tētahi ko te hanga tika i te karāhe rewa hei muka; ko tētahi ko te hanga tuatahi i te karāhe rewa hei pōro karāhe, hei tokotoko rānei, he whānui 20 mm te whānui, kātahi ka whakamahanahia, ka whakarewahia anō i ngā momo huarahi hei hanga pōro karāhe, hei tokotoko rānei, he whānui 3 ki te 3 mm. He muka tino angiangi 80μm. Ko ngā muka roa mutunga kore i kumea mā te tikanga tuhi miihini o ngā pereti konukōre konukōre e kiia ana ko ngā muka karāhe tonu, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko ngā muka roa. Ko ngā muka motumotu i hangaia e ngā roera, e te rere hau rānei, e kiia ana ko ngā muka karāhe roa-pūmau, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko ngā muka poto.
E ai ki ngā ture o te taumata paerewa, he whānui te whakamahinga o te muka karāhe taumata-E i roto i ngā rauemi ārai hiko; he muka motuhake te taumata-S.
He rerekē te karāhe e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga karāhe muka i te karāhe e whakamahia ana i roto i ētahi atu hua karāhe. Ko te tikanga, ko ngā hanganga karāhe mō ngā muka kua hokohokohia koia ēnei:
Karāhe muka karāhe kaha teitei me te modulus teitei
He kaha teitei tōna, ā, he teitei hoki te modulus. Ko tōna kaha kume muka kotahi he 2800MPa, he 25% teitei ake i te muka karāhe kore-waikawa, ā, ko tōna modulus pīngore he 86000MPa, he teitei ake i te muka karāhe-E. Ko ngā hua FRP e hangaia ana me ēnei mea e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga hōia, te rererangi, te tereina tere tere, te hau, te pukupuku ātete matā me ngā taputapu hākinakina.
muka karāhe AR
E mōhiotia ana hoki ko te muka karāhe ātete-alkali, ko te muka karāhe ātete-alkali he rauemi whakapakari mō te raima (sima) whakakaha muka karāhe (e kiia nei ko te GRC), he muka kore-waro paerewa teitei, ā, he whakakapinga pai mō te maitai me te asbestos i roto i ngā wāhanga sima kore-kawenga. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te muka karāhe ātete-alkali he ātete pai ki te alkali, ka taea te ātete pai ki te horo o ngā matū alkali teitei i roto i te sima, he kaha hopu kaha, he modulus tere teitei, he ātete pānga, he kaha kume me te piko, kāore e mura, he ātete huka, he ātete pāmahana, he kaha te huri i te makuku, he ātete pakaru me te kore e uru, he kaha te hoahoa, he ngāwari te hanga, me ētahi atu, ko te muka karāhe ātete-alkali he momo hou o te whakakaha matomato me te hoa taiao e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te rauemi raima (sima) whakakaha teitei.
Karāhe D
E mōhiotia ana hoki ko te karāhe iti-whakarerekētanga hiko, e whakamahia ana hei hanga muka karāhe iti-whakarerekētanga hiko me te kaha whakarerekētanga hiko pai.
Haunga ngā wāhanga muka karāhe o runga ake nei, kei te wātea inaianei tētahi muka karāhe hou kāore he kawakawa, kāore he boron, ā, ka whakaiti i te parahanga taiao, engari he rite tonu ōna āhuatanga ārai hiko me ōna āhuatanga hangarau ki te karāhe E tuku iho. Hei tāpiri, kei reira tētahi muka karāhe he hanganga karāhe takirua, kua whakamahia i roto i te hanga huruhuru karāhe, ā, e kiia ana hoki he pūmanawa mō te whakakaha muka karāhe. Hei tāpiri, kei reira te muka karāhe kore-hauora, he muka karāhe kore-kawakawa kua whakapaitia kua whakawhanakehia mō ngā whakaritenga tiaki taiao.
Haunga ngā wāhanga muka karāhe o runga ake nei, kei te wātea inaianei tētahi muka karāhe hou kāore he kawakawa, kāore he boron, ā, ka whakaiti i te parahanga taiao, engari he rite tonu ōna āhuatanga ārai hiko me ōna āhuatanga hangarau ki te karāhe E tuku iho. Hei tāpiri, kei reira tētahi muka karāhe he hanganga karāhe takirua, kua whakamahia i roto i te hanga huruhuru karāhe, ā, e kiia ana hoki he pūmanawa mō te whakakaha muka karāhe. Hei tāpiri, kei reira te muka karāhe kore-hauora, he muka karāhe kore-kawakawa kua whakapaitia kua whakawhanakehia mō ngā whakaritenga tiaki taiao.
Ka taea te wehewehe i te muka karāhe ki ngā momo rerekē, i runga i ngā rauemi mata i whakamahia me ō rātou ōwehenga.
Anei ngā momo muka karāhe e whitu me ō rātou whakamahinga i roto i ngā hua o ia rā:
Karāhe kawakore (karāhe-A)
He karāhe houra, he karāhe raima houra rānei. Koinei te momo muka karāhe e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Tata ki te 90% o ngā karāhe katoa e hangaia ana he karāhe kawakore. Koinei te momo tino noa, ā, e whakamahia ana hei hanga ipu karāhe, pērā i ngā kēne me ngā pounamu mō te kai me te inu, me te karāhe matapihi.
He tauira tino pai hoki ngā taputapu tunu kai i hangaia ki te karāhe houra raima kua whakamaroketia mō te karāhe A. He utu tika, he tino whai hua, he tino mārō hoki. Ka taea te whakarewa anō i ngā muka karāhe momo-A me te whakangawari anō i ngā wā maha, ā, he momo muka karāhe pai rawa atu mō te hangarua karāhe.
Karāhe ātete-alkali Karāhe-AE, karāhe-AR rānei
Ko te karāhe AE, AR rānei, he tikanga mō te karāhe ātete-kawakore, he mea whakamahi motuhake mō te raima. He rauemi hiato tēnei i hangaia ki te zirconia.
Mā te tāpiri o te zirconia, he kohuke mārō, ātete wera, ka pai ai te whakamahi i tēnei muka karāhe ki te raima. Ka ārai te karāhe AR i te pakaru o te raima mā te whakarato i te kaha me te ngāwari. Waihoki, kāore i rite ki te maitai, kāore e waikura wawe.
Karāhe matū
Ka whakamahia te karāhe-C, te karāhe matū rānei, hei kiko mata mō te paparanga o waho o ngā paparanga mō ngā paipa me ngā ipu mō te penapena wai me ngā matū. Nā te nui o te konupūmā borosilicate e whakamahia ana i roto i te tukanga hanga karāhe, ka whakaatu i te ātete matū tino nui i roto i ngā taiao waikura.
Ka mau tonu te taurite matū me te hanganga o te karāhe-C i roto i ngā taiao katoa, ā, he ātete hoki ki ngā matū kawakore.
Karāhe hiko-kore
He mea noa te whakamahi i ngā muka karāhe dielectric (karāhe-D) i roto i ngā taputapu hiko, ngā taputapu tunu kai, me ērā atu mea pera. He momo karāhe pai hoki tēnei nā te iti o te pūmau dielectric. Nā te mea kei roto i te hanganga o te boron trioxide tēnei.
Karāhe hiko
Ko te kakahu karāhe-e, te kakahu muka-e rānei, he paerewa ahumahi e tuku ana i te taurite i waenga i te mahi me te utu. He rauemi hiato mama e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taiao rererangi, moana me ngā taiao ahumahi. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te karāhe-e hei muka whakapakari kua waiho hei mea e arohaina ana e ngā hua arumoni pēnei i ngā ipu whakato, ngā papa he'e nalu, me ngā poti.
Ka taea te hanga i te karāhe-e i roto i ngā muka huruhuru karāhe ki tētahi āhua, ki tētahi rahi rānei mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga hanga tino māmā. I te wā o mua i te hanga, nā ngā āhuatanga o te muka karāhe-e ka ma, ka haumaru hoki te mahi.
Karāhe hanganga
E mōhiotia ana te karāhe hanganga (karāhe S) mō ōna āhuatanga miihini. Ko ngā ingoa hokohoko R-glass, S-glass me T-glass e pā ana ki te momo muka karāhe kotahi. Ki te whakatauritea ki te muka karāhe E, he nui ake tōna kaha kume me te modulus. Kua hangaia tēnei muka karāhe mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā ahumahi parepare me te rererangi.
E whakamahia ana hoki i roto i ngā mahi patu pūmau pakari. Nā te mea he tino pai te mahi a tēnei momo muka karāhe, ka whakamahia anake i roto i ngā ahumahi motuhake me te iti o ngā rahinga whakaputa. Ko te tikanga anō hoki he utu nui te karāhe-S.
Karāhe muka Advantex
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o tēnei momo muka karāhe i roto i ngā ahumahi hinu, hau me te maina, tae atu ki ngā tipu hiko me ngā tono moana (ngā pūnaha maimoatanga paru me te wai para). Ka whakakotahi i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha me te hiko o te karāhe-E me te ātete waikawa o ngā muka karāhe momo E, C, R. Ka whakamahia i roto i ngā taiao e ngawari ake ai te waikura o ngā hanganga.
Wā tuku: Mei-11-2022
