ngā purongo

muka pātarati
He muka tonu te muka pātarati i tangohia mai i te pātarati tūturu. He kōhatu pātarati tēnei i te 1450 ℃ ~ 1500 ℃ i muri i te rewa, ka kumea mā te pereti turuturu waea konukōre-rhodium i hangaia mai i te muka tonu. Ko te tae o te muka pātarati tūturu parakore he parauri te nuinga. He momo hou te muka pātarati o te rauemi muka matomato mahi-teitei kore-waro, he mea hanga mai i te silica, te alumina, te waikura konupūmā, te waikura konupūmā, te waikura rino me te hauhā titanium me ētahi atu waikura.muka tonu o te papataEhara i te mea he kaha teitei anake, engari he maha hoki ngā āhuatanga pai pērā i te ārai hiko, te ātete ki te waikura, te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, me ērā atu. Hei tāpiri, ko te tukanga whakaputa muka basalt i whakatau kia iti ake te para, kia iti ake te parahanga ki te taiao, ā, ka taea te pirau tika i te hua i roto i te taiao i muri i te para, me te kore he kino, nō reira he rauemi matomato tūturu, he hoa taiao. Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā muka basalt tonu i roto i ngā hiato muka-whakapakari, ngā rauemi waku, ngā rauemi hanga kaipuke, ngā rauemi ārai wera, te umanga motuka, ngā papanga tātari pāmahana teitei, me ngā mara tiaki.
Ngā Āhuatanga
① Ngā rauemi mata e rawaka ana
muka pātaratiHe mea hanga tēnei i te kōhatu pārāti kua rewahia, kua keria hoki, ā, he rahui tūturu tonu ngā kōhatu pārāti i te Ao me te Marama, ā, he iti noa iho ngā utu mō ngā rauemi mata.
② Rauemi e pai ana mō te taiao
He rauemi taiao te konganuku basalt, kāore he waikura boron, he waikura kawakore rānei e tukuna ana i te wā o te mahi whakaputa, nō reira kāore he matū kino e puta ana i roto i te paoa, e kore hoki e poke te āhuarangi. Heoi anō, he roa te ora o te hua, nō reira he momo rauemi tiaki taiao matomato hou, he iti te utu, he teitei te mahi, ā, he tino pai te ma.
③ Te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei me te wai
Ko te whānuitanga pāmahana mahi o te muka basalt tonu ko te 269 ~ 700 ℃ (te pūngawari o te 960 ℃), i te mea ko te muka karāhe i te 60 ~ 450 ℃, ko te pāmahana teitei rawa o te muka waro ka eke ki te 500 ℃ anake. Ina koa, ko te muka basalt i te 600 ℃ te mahi, ka taea tonu e tōna kaha i muri i te pakaru te pupuri i te 80% o te kaha taketake; ka mahi i te 860 ℃ me te kore e whakaheke, ahakoa te ātete pāmahana o te huruhuru kohuke pai i tēnei wā ka taea anake te pupuri i te 50% -60% i muri i te pakaru, ka tino whakangaromia te huruhuru karāhe. Ko te muka waro i te 300 ℃ te hanga CO me te CO2. Ko te muka basalt i te 70 ℃ i raro i te mahi a te wai wera ka taea te pupuri i te kaha teitei, ka ngaro pea tetahi wāhanga o te kaha o te muka basalt i roto i te 1200 h.
④ He pai te pumau matū me te ātete ki te waikura
Kei roto i te muka pātarati tonu te K2O, MgO) me te TiO2 me ētahi atu wāhanga, ā, he tino whai hua ēnei wāhanga ki te whakapai ake i te ātete matū o te muka me te mahi ātete wai, ā, he mahi nui hoki tā rātou. He pai ake tēnei ki te whakataurite ki te pumau matū o ngā muka karāhe, inā koa i roto i ngā pāpāho kawakore me te waikawa, he mārama ake ngā muka pātarati i roto i te otinga Ca (OH) 2 kua kukū, ā, ka taea hoki e te sima me ētahi atu pāpāho kawakore te pupuri i te ātete teitei ake ki te mahi waikura kawakore.

⑤ Teitei o te ngāwari me te kaha kume
Ko te modulus o te ngāwari o te muka basalt he 9100 kg/mm-11000 kg/mm, he teitei ake i te muka karāhe kore-alkali, te asbestos, te muka aramid, te muka polypropylene me te muka silica. Ko te kaha kume o te muka basalt he 3800–4800 MPa, he teitei ake i te muka waro tō nui, te muka aramid, te muka PBI, te muka maitai, te muka boron, te muka alumina, ā, he rite ki te muka karāhe S. Ko te mātotoru o te muka basalt he 2.65-3.00 g/cm3, ā, he pakeke teitei o te 5-9 nekehanga i runga i te tauine pakeke Mohs, nō reira he tino pai te ātete ki te pakū me ngā āhuatanga whakapakari kume. Ko tōna kaha miihini he nui ake i te muka taiao me ngā muka hangai, nō reira he rauemi whakapakari pai, ā, ko ōna āhuatanga miihini pai rawa atu kei mua i ngā muka matua e whā e mahi nui ana.
⑥ He mahi ārai haruru tino pai
He tino pai te ārai oro o te muka pātarati tonu, ā, he pai hoki te mahi mimiti oro. Ka taea te ako i te tauwehenga mimiti oro o te muka i roto i ngā momo oro rerekē, ā, mā te pikinga o te auau, ka tino piki ake te tauwehenga mimiti oro. Pērā i te whiriwhiringa o te muka pātarati diameter 1-3μm i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi mimiti oro (kiato 15 kg/m3, matotoru 30mm), i roto i te oro mō ngā āhuatanga 100-300 Hz, 400-900 Hz me 1200-7,000 HZ, ko te tauwehenga mimiti rauemi muka he 0.05~0.15, 0.22~0.75 me te 0.85~0.93.
⑦ Ngā āhuatanga hiko tino pai
Ko te ātete rōrahi o te muka basalt tonu he kotahi te raupapa o te nui teitei ake i tērā omuka karāhe E, he tino pai ngā āhuatanga whakawehe hiko. Ahakoa he tata ki te 0.2 o ngā waikura kawe te wāhanga papatipu o te konganuku basalt, engari mā te whakamahi i te kaihoko whakauru motuhake, ka iti ake te koki o te kai whakawehe hiko o te muka basalt i te muka karāhe, ā, he teitei ake hoki te ātete rōrahi o te muka i te muka karāhe.

⑧ Te hototahitanga o te silicate taiao
He pai te marara ki te sima me te raima, he kaha te here, he rite tonu te tauwehenga o te whakawhānui me te whakaheke wera, he pai te ātete ki te huarere.
⑨ Te mimiti iti o te makuku
He iti iho i te 0.1% te mimiti makuku o te muka basalt, he iti iho i te muka aramid, te huruhuru toka me te asbestos.
⑩ He iti ake te kawe wera
Ko te kawe wera o te muka papara he 0.031 W/mK – 0.038 W/mK, he iti iho i tērā o te muka aramid, te muka alumino-silicate, te muka karāhe kore-alkali, te huruhuru hipi, te muka silicon, te muka waro me te maitai kore waikura.

muka karāhe
Ko te muka karāhe, he rauemi kore-whakarewa kore-waro me te mahi tino pai, he maha ngā painga pēnei i te pai o te whakamarumaru, te ātete wera, te ātete waikura pai, te kaha miihini teitei, engari ko te ngoikoretanga he pakarukaru me te ātete ki te pakū. Ko tōna pūtake he kōhatu chlorite, he onepu quartz, he kōhatu papa, he dolomite, he kōhatu boron calcium, he kōhatu boron magnesium e ono ngā momo oro hei rauemi mata mā te rewa pāmahana teitei, te tuhi, te takai, te raranga me ētahi atu tukanga ki te hanga i te diameter o tana monofilament mai i te torutoru microns ki te neke atu i te 20 microns, he rite ki te makawe o te 1/20-1/5, ko ia paihere o ngā miro muka he rau, he mano rānei te hanganga monofilament.muka karāhee whakamahia ana hei rauemi whakapakari i roto i ngā rauemi hiato, ngā rauemi whakamahana hiko me ngā rauemi whakamahana wera, ngā papa ara iahiko me ētahi atu wāhanga o te ohanga ā-motu.

Ngā Āhuatanga Rauemi
Te ira rewa: he momo karaihe kore-kiriata te karāhe, kāore he ira rewa pumau, e whakaponohia ana ko te ira whakangawari he 500 ~ 750 ℃.
Te pūwāhi koropupū: tata ki te 1000 ℃
Kiato: 2.4~2.76 karamu/cm3
Ina whakamahia te muka karāhe hei rauemi whakapakari mō ngā kirihou whakapakari, ko te āhuatanga nui ko tōna kaha kume teitei. Ko te kaha kume i te āhua paerewa he 6.3 ~ 6.9 karamu/rā, ā, ko te āhua mākū he 5.4 ~ 5.8 karamu/rā. He pai te ātete wera, ā, kāore he pānga o te pāmahana tae atu ki te 300 ℃ i runga i te kaha. He pai te whakamarumaru hiko, he rauemi whakamarumaru hiko taumata teitei, e whakamahia ana hoki mō ngā rauemi whakamarumaru me ngā rauemi ārai ahi. Ko te tikanga ka waikura noa i te kawakore kukū, te waikawa hauwaiwai me te waikawa phosphoric kukū.

Ngā Āhuatanga Matua
(1) He kaha kume teitei, he iti te toronga (3%).
(2) Teitei te tauwehenga o te ngāwari, te pakari pai.
(3) Te roa o te whakaroa i roto i ngā rohe o te ngāwari me te kaha kume teitei, kia mimiti ai te kaha pānga nui.
(4) He muka kore-waro, kāore e mura, he ātete matū pai.
(5) He iti te mimiti wai.
(6) He pai te pumau o te unahi me te ātete ki te wera.
(7) He pai te tukatuka, ka taea te hanga heingā whenu, ngā paihere, ngā huruhuru hipi, ngā papangame ētahi atu momo hua rerekē.
(8) Mārama, ā, ka taea te tuku mārama.
(9) He pai te piri ki te kapia.
(10) Utu iti.
(11) Kāore i te ngāwari ki te tahu, ka taea te whakakotahi hei pīrori karāhe i te pāmahana teitei.