ngā purongo

Kua tīmata te hanga o ngā umanga waenga-auaha i roto i te mekameka ahumahi muka basalt, ā, he pai ake te whakataetae utu o ā rātou hua i te muka waro me te muka aramid. E matapaetia ana ka arahi te mākete i tētahi wāhanga o te whanaketanga tere i roto i ngā tau e rima e whai ake nei.
Ko ngā umanga waenga-auaha i roto i te mekameka ahumahi muka basalt e whakaputa ana i ngā rauemi muka pēnei i ngā miro tapatapahi, ngā miro kakahu, me ngā miro hurihuri, ā, ko te ōwehenga utu e hangai ana ki te whakapaunga pūngao me ngā taputapu miihini.

Mō te mākete, kua mōhio ngā umanga ā-rohe o Haina ki te hangarau whakaputa matua o te muka basalt, ā, ko tā rātou putanga te tuatahi o te ao. I te tīmatanga kua hangaia he tauine motuhake e te mākete. E matapaetia ana mā te whakapai ake i te hangarau whakaputa me te whānui ake o te tono i raro iho, ka tere te tipu o te ahumahi.

Te tātari utu muka basalt

Ko te utu whakaputa o te muka basalt e whai wāhi ana ki ngā āhuatanga e whā: ngā rauemi mata, te whakapaunga pūngao, ngā taputapu miihini me te utu mahi, ā, neke atu i te 90% o te katoa ko te utu pūngao me te utu taputapu.
Ina koa, ko ngā rauemi mata e pā ana ki ngā rauemi kōhatu papara e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga muka; ko te whakapaunga pūngao e pā ana ki te whakapaunga hiko me te hau māori i roto i te tukanga whakaputa; ko ngā taputapu e pā ana ki ngā utu whakahou me te tiaki i ngā taputapu whakaputa i te wā e whakamahia ana, inā koa ko ngā pūtu waea me ngā oumu kaukau. Ko tētahi o ngā wāhanga nui rawa atu o te utu taputapu, neke atu i te 90% o te utu katoa; ko te utu mahi kei roto ko te utu pumau o ngā kaimahi o te umanga.
I te mea he rawaka te hanga o te paparete, ā, he iti hoki te utu, he iti noa te pānga o te utu o ngā rauemi mata ki te hanga muka paparete, he iti iho i te 1% o te utu katoa, ko te toenga utu he tata ki te 99%.
I roto i ngā utu e toe ana, ko te pūngao me ngā taputapu ngā wāhanga nui e rua, e whakaatahia ana i roto i ngā "teitei e toru", arā, ko te nui o te whakapaunga pūngao o ngā rauemi pūtake rewa i roto i te tukanga rewa me te tuhi; te utu nui o ngā pūnga waea kume platinum-rhodium; ngā oumu nui me te whakahou me te tiaki i te pereti turuturu i ia wā.

Tātaritanga Mākete Muka Pātarati

Kei roto te mākete muka papara i te wā matapihi whanaketanga, ā, kua nui kē te kaha whakaputa o waenganui o te mekameka ahumahi, ā, e matapaetia ana ka puta mai te hau i roto i ngā tau e rima e whai ake nei.

Mō te hangarau whakaputa, kua eke kē ngā umanga Hainamana ki tētahi taumata hangarau matua. Mai i te tīmatanga ka eke ki te taumata o Ukraine me Rūhia, kua noho rātou hei tētahi o ngā whenua torutoru ka taea te pupuri i ngā mana whakaputa i te taha o Ukraine me Rūhia. Kua āta tūhuratia, kua whakatinanahia hoki e ngā umanga Haina ngā tukanga whakaputa matatau, ā, kua eke ki te kaha whakaputa muka basalt nui rawa atu o te ao.
E ai ki ngā tohunga o te umanga, i te tīmatanga o te tau 2019, neke atu i te 70 ngā kaihanga e mahi ana i ngā mahi muka pātarati me ngā pakihi e pā ana puta noa i te motu, 12 o ēnei i aro nui ki te hanga muka pātarati me te kaha whakaputa neke atu i te 3,000 tāne. He nui tonu ngā wāhi hei whakapai ake i te kaha whakaputa whānui o te umanga, ā, e matapaetia ana ka whakatairangahia e te whanaketanga o te kaha whakaputa waenga-rahi te whanaketanga o te kaha whakaputa waenga-rahi te whanaketanga o te kaha whakaputa waenga-rahi.