"He pakiwaitara, he kupu whakarite i mua, te "Pa atu ki te kōhatu hei koura", ā, kua tutuki tēnei moemoeā. Ka whakamahia e te tangata ngā kōhatu noa - te pātarati, hei kukume waea, hei hanga hoki i ngā hua papai. Koinei te tauira tino kitea. Ki ngā kanohi o te tangata noa, ko te pātarati te kōhatu hanga e hiahiatia ana mō ngā rori, ngā rēriwe, me ngā ara rererangi. Heoi, he tokoiti noa iho te hunga e mōhio ana ka taea hoki te kukume i te pātarati hei hua muka mahi-teitei matomato, ā-taiao hoki, ka waiho te pūrākau "Pa atu ki te kōhatu hei koura". Kua tutuki.
Ko te muka pātara he silicate kore-waro kua whakamaroketia i roto i ngā puia me ngā oumu hei huri i te toka mārō ki ngā muka ngohengohe. He ātete pāmahana teitei te rauemi muka pātara (>880 ℃), he ātete pāmahana iti (<-200 ℃), he iti te kawe wera (whakamarumaru wera), he ārai oro, he ārai mura, he ārai, he iti te hygroscopicity, he ātete waikura, he ātete irahiko, he kaha pakaru teitei, he iti te roa, he teitei te modulus elastic, he mama me ētahi atu āhuatanga pai me ngā āhuatanga tukatuka pai. He rauemi hou katoa, ā, kāore he matū paitini e puta i roto i te tukanga whakaputa me te tukatuka noa, kāore he hau para, he wai para, he tukunga toenga para, nō reira e kiia ana ko te "rauemi ahumahi matomato me ngā rauemi hou" kore-parahanga i te rautau 21.
E mōhio ana tātou katoa, ko te kirinuku he mea tito mai i ngā toka mura, ngā toka parataiao me ngā toka metamorphic, ā, he momo toka mura te pātarati. Hei tāpiri, he rauemi whāngai kotahi-wāhanga te pātarati, he rewa, he ōrite te kounga. Nō reira, he taiao, he ngāwari hoki te tiki rauemi mata mō te hanga muka pātarati. Mai i te whakamātautau angitu o te hanga huruhuru toka pātarati e te iwi o Wales i Ingarangi i te tau 1840, ka tīmata te tangata ki te tūhura me te rangahau i ngā rauemi pātarati. I te tekau tau atu i 1960, i runga i ngā tohutohu a te Manatū Tiaki o te Rōpū Soviet, ka tīmata te Peka o Ukraine o te USSR Fiberglass Research Institute ki te whakawhanake i te muka tonu pātarati, ā, ka whakatinanahia te hanga ahumahi o te muka tonu pātarati i te tau 1985. Whai muri i te pakaru o te Soviet Union, nō Ukraine ngā wāhanga rangahau me te hanga kei Kyiv. Nō Ukraine ngā whenua e matatau ana ki te hangarau hanga muka pātarati o te ao i ēnei rā.
I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakapakari ake ētahi whenua pūtaiao me te hangarau pēnei i te Hononga o Amerika, Hapani, me Tiamana i te rangahau me te whanaketanga o tēnei momo muka kore-whakarewa hou, ā, kua tutuki i a rātou ētahi whakatutukitanga hou, engari he torutoru noa iho ngā whenua ka taea te whakaputa i te hanga nui, ā, kei tawhiti rawa atu ā rātou hua i te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te hapori. Kua aro nui tō tātou whenua ki te rangahau me te whanaketanga o ngā muka tonu o te paparete mai i te "Mahere Tau Tuawaru e Rima". Kua aro nui ngā rōpū e pā ana ki ngā rauemi paparete, inā koa ētahi kaipakihi tirohanga tawhiti, kua kite i ngā tumanakohanga nui o tēnei kaupapa, ā, kua aro nui ki te whanaketanga o tēnei kaupapa, ā, kua haumi ki te whanaketanga. Nā tēnei mahi, kua whakatūria ngā umanga rangahau, ngā kaihanga rānei e pā ana puta noa i te motu, ko ētahi o rātou kua whakaputa hua tuatahi, e whakatakoto ana i tētahi turanga mō te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi muka paparete i Haina.
He momo hou te muka pātarati o te rauemi muka matomato mahi-teitei kore-waro, he pai mō te taiao. He mea hanga mai i te rauemi pātarati, he mea hanga mai i ngā waikura pērā i te silica, te alumina, te waikura konupūmā, te waikura konupūmā, te waikura rino me te hauhā titanium. He mea hanga. Ehara i te mea he kaha teitei anake te muka tonu o te pātarati, engari he maha hoki ngā āhuatanga pai pērā i te ārai hiko, te ātete ki te waikura me te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei. Hei tāpiri, mā te tukanga whakaputa muka pātarati ka iti ake te para e puta mai ana, ka iti ake te parahanga taiao, ā, ka taea te pirau tika i te hua i roto i te taiao i muri i te maka atu me te kore e kino, nō reira he rauemi matomato pono, he rauemi pai mō te taiao.
Ko te umanga motuka me te kawe waka te nuinga o te wahanga mākete o ngā muka basalt e ai ki te tono mākete.
Ko ngā ahumahi whakamahi mutunga o ngā motuka me ngā waka e hiahia ana kia whakamahia ngā muka pātarati i roto i ngā papa parai, ngā ārai pūwero, ngā pane tuanui me ētahi atu whakamahinga o roto, nā te mea he pai rawa ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha, ā-tinana me te matū o ngā muka pātarati. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā muka e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanganga me te hanganga, he nui ake te utu o te muka pātarati i roto i tēnei whakamahinga, nō reira he nui ake te uara o ngā ahumahi whakamahi mutunga o ngā motuka me ngā waka i roto i te mākete muka pātarati.
Ko te muka basalt tonu te wāhanga tino tere te tipu i te wā matapae
E rua ngā āhua o ngā muka papara, arā, ngā muka papara tonu me ngā muka papara motuhake. E matapaetia ana ka piki ake te tipu o ngā muka papara tonu i roto i te wā matapae, nā te mea e whakamahia ana ēnei muka i roto i ngā momo tono pēnei i te hanga i ngā ara, i ngā papanga me ngā miro mō ngā whakamahinga mutunga pēnei i te motuka me te kawe waka, ngā taonga hākinakina, te pūngao hau, te hanga me ngā hanganga, tae atu ki ngā paipa me ngā tāke. E whakamahia ana ngā muka tonu i roto i ngā tono hiato me ngā tono kore-hiato.
Ko Āhia-Kiwa te mākete tono nui rawa atu mō ngā muka basalt i te wā matapae.
Ko Āhia-Kiwa tētahi o ngā mākete muka papara matua. Ko ngā ahumahi kaiwhakamahi mutunga e tipu haere ana pērā i te hanga me te hanganga, te motuka me te kawe waka, me te pūngao hau kei te akiaki i te mākete muka papara i te rohe. He maha ngā kaihanga muka papara me ā rātou hua i te rohe. He kaihanga anō hoki i te rohe e aro nui ana ki te whakamahi i ngā rautaki pakihi hei whakanui ake i te hanga muka papara hei whakatutuki i te hiahia e tipu haere ana mai i ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga.
Wā tuku: Mei-30-2022
