ngā purongo

Nō te tekau tau atu i 1950,ngā rauemi whakahiato muka karāhei whakamahia i roto i ngā wāhanga kore-kawenga o ngā anga rererangi hērakapeta, pērā i ngā matapihi me ngā taupoki tirotiro, ahakoa he iti noa iho te whakamahinga.

I puta te whanaketanga nui o ngā rauemi hiato mō ngā hērakapa i te tekau tau atu i 1960 me te whanaketanga angitu o ngā mata hurihuri hiato kua whakapakarihia ki te muka karāhe. I whakaatuhia e tēnei ngā painga nui o ngā hiato—te kaha ngenge pai rawa atu, te whakawhiti kawenga maha-ara, ngā āhuatanga horapa puhoi, me te ngāwari o te hanga kōpeketanga—i tino kitea i roto i ngā tono mata hurihuri. Ko ngā ngoikoretanga ā-roto o ngā hiato kua whakapakarihia ki te muka—te kaha kutikuti interlaminar iti me te aro ki ngā āhuatanga taiao—kāore i pā kino ki te hoahoa, ki te tono rānei o te mata hurihuri.

Ahakoa ko te roanga mahi o ngā mata whakarewa kāore e neke atu i te 2000 hāora, ka taea e ngā mata hiato te neke atu i te 6000 hāora, tera pea kāore i te mutunga, ā, ka taea te tiaki i runga i te āhua. Ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i te haumaru o te hērakapa engari ka whakaitihia hoki te utu o ngā mata i roto i te huringa ora katoa, ka puta he painga ōhanga nui. Ko te tukanga hanga me te whakamaroke pēhanga māmā, ngāwari ki te whakahaere mō ngā hiato, me te kaha ki te whakarite i te kaha, te pakari (tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga whakaiti), ka taea te whakapai ake i te kōtaha aerodynamic me te arotau i roto i te hoahoa mata rotor, me te arotau i ngā hihiri hanganga rotor. Mai i te tekau tau atu i 1970, kua puta mai i te rangahau ki ngā airfoids hou he raupapa o ngā kōtaha mata hērakapa mahi teitei. Ko ēnei airfoids hou he whakawhiti mai i te ōrite ki te piko katoa, hoahoa kore ōrite, e tutuki ana i te pikinga nui o ngā taunga hiki mōrahi me ngā tau Mach nui, ngā taunga tōia kua whakaitihia, me ngā huringa iti i roto i ngā taunga nekehanga. Ngā whakapainga i roto i ngā āhua pito mata rotor—mai i te tapawhā rite ki ngā pito kua whiti, kua whakapikohia; ngā pito kua whiti whakararo kua whiti whakararohia; ki ngā pito BERP angiangi matatau—he nui ake te tohatoha kawenga aerodynamic, te pokanoa awhiowhio, te wiri, me ngā āhuatanga haruru, ā, ka piki ake te pai o te rotor.

I tua atu, i whakatinanahia e ngā kaihoahoa te arotautanga whakauru maha-mātauranga o te aerodynamics o te mata hurihuri me te hihiri hanganga, me te whakakotahi i te arotautanga rauemi hiato me te arotautanga hoahoa rotor hei whakatutuki i te mahi mata whakarei ake me te whakaiti i te wiri/haruru. Nō reira, i te mutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1970, tata ki ngā hērakapa hou katoa i whakamahi i ngā mata hiato, i te wā i whakahou ai i ngā tauira tawhito me ngā mata whakarewa ki ngā mea hiato i hua mai ai he hua tino whai hua.

Ko ngā whakaaro matua mō te whakamahi i ngā rauemi hiato i roto i ngā hanganga anga rererangi o te hērakapa ko: ngā mata piko matatini o waho o te hērakapa, me te iti o te kawenga hanganga, e pai ai mō te hanga hiato hei whakarei ake i te manawanui ki ngā kino hanganga me te whakarite kia haumaru, kia pono te mahi; te hiahia mō te whakaiti i te taumaha i roto i ngā hanganga anga rererangi mō ngā hērakapa whai hua me ngā hērakapa whakaeke; me ngā whakaritenga mō ngā hanganga mimiti-tukituki me te hoahoa huna. Hei whakatutuki i ēnei hiahia, i whakatūria e te US Army Aviation Applied Technology Research Institute te Advanced Composite Airframe Program (ACAP) i te tau 1979. Mai i te tekau tau atu i 1980, i te wā i tīmata ai ngā hērakapa pērā i te Sikorsky S-75, Bell D292, Boeing 360, me te MBB BK-117 Pākehā me ngā anga rererangi hiato katoa ki ngā whakamātautau rere, tae noa ki te whakaurunga angitu a Bell Helicopter i ngā parirau hiato me te tinana o te V-280 i te tau 2016, kua nui te ahunga whakamua o te whanaketanga o ngā hērakapa anga rererangi hiato katoa. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā waka rererangi tohutoro konumohe, he nui ngā painga o ngā anga rererangi hiato i roto i te taumaha o te anga rererangi, ngā utu whakaputa, te pono, me te ngāwari o te tiaki, e tutuki ai ngā whāinga o te kaupapa ACAP e whakahuatia ana i roto i te Ripanga 1-3. Nō reira, e kī ana ngā tohunga he rite te hiranga o te whakakapi i ngā anga rererangi konumohe ki ngā hanganga hiato ki te whakawhiti i ngā tau 1940 mai i ngā anga rererangi rakau-kakahu ki ngā hanganga whakarewa.

Ko te tikanga, ko te whānuitanga o te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi hiato i roto i ngā hanganga anga rererangi e hono tata ana ki ngā whakatakotoranga hoahoa hērakapa (ngā inenga mahi). I tēnei wā, ko ngā rauemi hiato te 30% ki te 50% o te taumaha o te hanganga anga rererangi i roto i ngā hērakapa whakaeke waenga me te taumaha, ko ngā hērakapa kawe hōia/tāngata whenua ia e whakamahi ana i ngā ōrau teitei ake, tae atu ki te 70% ki te 80%. Ko ngā rauemi hiato te nuinga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā wāhanga o te tinana pēnei i te pū o te hiku, te whakaū poutū, me te whakaū whakapae. E rua ngā kaupapa o tēnei: ​​te whakaiti i te taumaha me te ngāwari o te hanga i ngā mata uaua pēnei i ngā whakaū poutū he paipa. Ka whakamahia hoki e ngā hanganga mimiti-tukituki ngā hiato hei whakatutuki i te penapena taumaha. Heoi, mō ngā hērakapa māmā me te iti me ngā hanganga māmā ake, ngā kawenga iti ake, me ngā pakitara angiangi, kāore pea te whakamahinga o ngā hiato e whai hua ana ki te utu.