ngā purongo

I te aroaro o te raruraru nui haere o te parahanga taiao, kua piki haere te mōhiotanga ki te tiaki taiao pāpori, ā, kua pakari haere hoki te ia o te whakamahi i ngā rauemi taiao. Ko ngā āhuatanga pai ki te taiao, te mama, te iti o te whakapaunga pūngao me te whakahou o ngā muka tipu kua kukume i te aro nui. Ka whakatauhia i roto i ngā rā kei mua ka nui te whanaketanga. Heoi, he rauemi rerekē te muka tipu me te hanganga matatini, ā, kei roto i tōna mata ngā rōpū hydroxyl hydrophilic. Ko te hononga ki te matrix me whai maimoatanga motuhake hei whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te hiato. Ka whakamahia ngā muka tipu mō ngā rauemi hiato, engari ko te nuinga o ēnei he iti noa iho ki ngā muka poto me ngā muka motumotu. Kāore anō kia tino whakamahia ngā āhuatanga pai taketake, ā, ka whakamahia noa hei whakakī. Mena ka taea e tātou te whakauru i te hangarau raranga, he otinga pai. Ka taea e ngā preforms raranga muka tipu te whakarato i ngā kōwhiringa mahi maha atu mō ngā rauemi hiato, engari he iti ake te whakamahinga i tēnei wā, ā, he tika kia rangahauhia me te whakawhanaketia anō. Mena ka taea e tātou te whakaaro anō ki te tikanga whakamahi muka tuku iho, me te whakauru i ngā ariā hangarau hiato hou hei whakapai ake, hei whakapai ake i ngā painga o te whakamahinga me te whakapai ake i ngā ngoikoretanga o roto, ka taea e ia te hoatu uara hou me ngā tono ki ngā muka tipu.

Kāore e taea te wehe i te muka tipu i te oranga o te tangata i ia rā. Nā ōna āhuatanga watea me te whakahou, kua noho te muka tipu hei rauemi tino nui mō te oranga o te tangata. Heoi, nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau me te aranga ake o te umanga hinu matū, kua whakakapia haeretia ngā muka tipu hei rauemi matua e ngā muka me ngā kirihou i hangaia e te tangata nā runga i ngā painga o te hangarau whakaputa tino whanake, te kanorau o ngā hua me te roa o te mau. Heoi, ehara te hinu i te rauemi whakahou, ā, ko ngā raruraru whakakore para i puta mai i te whakakorenga o aua hua me te nui o ngā tukunga parahanga i te wā o te tukanga hanga kua meinga te tangata kia whakaaro anō ki te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi. I raro i te ia o te tiaki taiao me te pumau, kua hoki mai te aro ki ngā muka tipu tūturu. I ngā tau tata nei, kua tīmata te aro ki ngā rauemi hiato e whakamahi ana i ngā muka tipu hei rauemi whakapakari.

muka tipu me te hiato

Ka taea te hoahoa i te hanganga hiato mā te tukanga hanga. Mā te muka takai-matihiko ka whakaratohia he āhua tino tika, motuhake hoki o te rauemi, ā, ka tiakina te muka mai i te pirau nā ngā awe o te taiao, ā, ka mahi hoki hei piriti hei whakawhiti i te ahotea i waenga i ngā muka; i te mea ko te muka te nuinga o te kaha o waho me ōna āhuatanga miihini pai rawa atu, ā, ka taea te whakawhiti i te whakaritenga motuhake ka tutuki i ngā mahi rerekē. Nā te iti o te kiato me te kaha teitei, ka taea e te muka tipu te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga miihini me te pupuri i te kiato iti ina hangaia hei hiato FRP. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā muka tipu he kohinga pūtau tipu te nuinga, ā, ko ngā kōhao me ngā āputa kei roto ka taea te kawe mai i ngā āhuatanga whakamarumaru wera pai ki te rauemi. I te aroaro o te kaha o waho (pēnei i te wiri), ka whai hua anō hoki i tōna porousity, e taea ai te tere o te memeha o te kaha. Hei tāpiri, ko te tukanga whakaputa katoa o te muka tipu ka iti ake te parahanga ka iti ake te whakamahi i ngā matū, he iti ake te pāmahana whakahaere, he iti ake te whakamahinga hiko, ā, he iti ake hoki te nui o te kakahu miihini i te wā tukatuka; hei tāpiri, he āhuatanga whakahou taiao te muka tipu, ka taea te whakatutuki i te whakaputa pumau i raro i te whakahaere me te whakahaere tika. Mā te āwhina o ngā hangarau hou, kua pai te whakahaere i te pirau me te ātete ki te huarere o ngā rauemi, kia taea ai te pirau i muri i te huringa ora o te hua, me te kore e puta he para, ā, ko te waro e tukuna ana e te pirau ka ahu mai i te tipu tuatahi. Ka taea te kore waro i te pūtake waro i te hau.