Ko ngā kirihou e pā ana ki ngā rauemi i hangaia tuatahitia mai i ngā kapia (ngā monomer rānei i whakapūhuitia tika i te wā e tukatukahia ana), ā, ka tāpirihia ki ngā tāpiringa pēnei i ngā mea whakapūhui, ngā whakakī, ngā hinu whakahinuhinu, me ngā tae, ka taea te hanga kia rite te āhua i te wā e tukatukahia ana.
Ngā Āhuatanga Matua o ngā Kirihou:
① He māmā te nuinga o ngā kirihou, ā, he pumau te āhua o ngā matū, ā, he ātete hoki ki te waikura.
② He ātete pai rawa atu ki ngā pānga.
③ He mārama pai, he ātete hoki ki te kakahu.
④ Ngā āhuatanga ārai wera me te kawe wera iti.
⑤ He māmā noa te hanga, te tae, me te tukatuka, he iti te utu.
⑥ He ngoikore te ātete wera o te nuinga o ngā kirihou, he nui te horapa o te wera, ā, he mura hoki.
⑦ Te kore pumau o te āhua, ka ngāwari ki te whakarerekē.
⑧ He maha ngā kirihou e whakaatu ana i te ngoikore o te mahi i te pāmahana iti, ka pakarukaru i ngā āhuatanga makariri.
⑨ Ngāwari ki te koroheketanga.
⑩ Ka tere te memeha o ētahi kirihou i roto i ngā whakarewa.
Ngā kapia phenolice whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tono FRP (Kirihou Whakakaha-Muka) e hiahia ana ki ngā āhuatanga FST (Ahi, Auahi, me te Paitini). Ahakoa ētahi herenga (ina koa te pakarukaru), kei te noho tonu ngā kapia phenolic hei wāhanga nui o ngā kapia arumoni, me te tata ki te 6 miriona tana te hanga ā-tau o te ao. Ka tukuna e ngā kapia phenolic te pumau āhua me te ātete matū pai rawa atu, e pupuri ana i te pumau i roto i te awhe pāmahana 150–180°C. Ko ēnei āhuatanga, me ō rātou painga utu-mahi, ka akiaki i tō rātou whakamahinga tonu i roto i ngā hua FRP. Ko ngā tono noa ko ngā wāhanga o roto o ngā waka rererangi, ngā raina utanga, ngā roto o ngā waka tereina, ngā whariki me ngā paipa o te papa hinu moana, ngā rauemi kauhanga, ngā rauemi waku, te whakamarumaru o te pūwero rōkete, me ētahi atu hua e pā ana ki te FST.
Ngā Momo Hikoi Phenolic Whakakahangia e te Muka
Ngā hiato phenolic kua whakapakaritia ki te mukakei roto ko ngā rauemi i whakareihia ki ngā muka tapatapahi, ngā papanga, me ngā muka tonu. Ko ngā muka tapatapahi o mua (hei tauira, te rakau, te cellulose) kei te whakamahia tonutia i roto i ngā matū whakakikorua phenolic mō ngā momo mahi, inā koa ngā wāhanga motuka pēnei i ngā taupoki papu wai me ngā wāhanga waku. Kei roto i ngā matū whakakikorua phenolic hou ngā muka karāhe, ngā muka whakarewa, ngā muka waro rānei i ēnei wā tata nei. Ko ngā kapia phenolic e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā matū whakakikorua he kapia novolac, i whakamaroketia ki te hexamethylenetetramine.
Ka whakamahia ngā rauemi papanga kua whakakīia ki roto i ngā momo mahi rerekē, pērā i te RTM (Resin Transfer Molding), ngā hanganga hanawiti honikoma, te tiakitanga poitūkohu, ngā panera o roto o te waka rererangi, me ngā ara utanga. Ka hangaia ngā hua whakakaha muka tonu mā te takai miro, te pultrusion rānei. Kakahu me te tonungā hiato muka-whakapakariko te tikanga he whakamahi i ngā kapia phenolic resole wai-wai, wai-whakarewa rānei. Haunga ngā phenolic resole, ko ētahi atu pūnaha phenolic e pā ana—pērā i ngā benzoxazine, ngā cyanate esters, me te kapia Calidur™ hou kua whakawhanakehia—ka whakamahia hoki i roto i te FRP.
He momo hou te Benzoxazine o te kapia phenolic. Kāore i rite ki ngā phenolics tuku iho, e honoa ana ngā wāhanga ngota mā roto i ngā piriti methylene [-CH₂-], ka hangaia e ngā benzoxazine he hanganga porowhita. He ngāwari te hanga i ngā benzoxazine mai i ngā rauemi phenolic (bisphenol, novolac rānei), ngā amine tuatahi, me te formaldehyde. Kāore he hua taha, he mea whakakorikori rānei e puta mai ana i tā rātou whakapūtanga mowhiti-tuwhera, e whakarei ake ana i te pumau o te āhua o te hua whakamutunga. Haunga te ātete nui ki te wera me te mura, kāore ngā āhuatanga o ngā kapia benzoxazine i roto i ngā phenolics tuku iho, pērā i te mimiti iti o te makuku me te mahi dielectric pumau.
Ko Calidur™ he kapia polyarylether amide thermosetting, kotahi-wāhanga, pumau-mahana-rūma o te whakatupuranga hou, i whakawhanakehia e Evonik Degussa mō ngā ahumahi rererangi me te hikohiko. Ka maroke tēnei kapia i te 140°C i roto i ngā haora e 2, me te pāmahana whakawhiti karāhe (Tg) o te 195°C. I tēnei wā, e whakaatu ana a Calidur™ i ngā painga maha mō ngā hiato mahi-teitei: kāore he tukunga pūngāwerewere, he iti te tauhohenga exothermic me te whakaheke i te wā e whakamaroke ana, he kaha wera me te mākū teitei, he kaha kōpeketanga me te kutikuti hiato pai rawa atu, me te pakari tino pai. Ko tēnei kapia auaha he huarahi utu-pai hei whakakapi i ngā kapia epoxy, bismaleimide, me te cyanate ester waenga-ki-teitei i roto i te rererangi, te kawe waka, te motuka, te hiko/hikohiko, me ētahi atu tono uaua.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-24-2025
