Mō ngā tau maha, ko te whakakaha maitai te rauemi hanga taketake tino pai i roto i te umanga hanga. Heoi, he nui ngā raraunga hangarau e whakaatu ana mēnā he kino te hoahoa o te hanganga raima whakakaha, he kino rānei te taiao o te papaanga, ka pāngia te pakari me te mahi o te whakakaha maitai. He maha ngā tohunga Hainamana me ngā tohunga o tāwāhi kua whakatau ko te whakamahi iwhakakaha muka karāheKo te whakakapi i te whakakaha maitai i roto i ngā mara motuhake he huarahi whai hua ki te whakaoti i tēnei raruraru. Ko te whakakaha muka karāhe he momo rauemi hiato hou i hangaia mā te pultrusion me te maimoatanga mata motuhake, mā te whakamahi i ngā miro muka karāhe hei whakakaha, te kapia epoxy hei rauemi matihiko, me te whakauru i ngā kaihoko āwhina e tika ana (pēnei i ngā monomers hononga whakawhiti, ngā kaiwhakaoho, ngā whakateretere, ngā kaihoko whakarerekētanga, ngā aukati mura, ngā aukati polymerization, ngā whakakī, ngā tae, me ētahi atu).
1. Ngā Āhuatanga o te Whakakaha muka karāhe
(1) Kaha Kume Teitei: He pai ake te kaha kume o te whakakaha muka karāhe i te whakakaha maitai noa, e 20% te nui atu i te whakakaha maitai o taua whakatakotoranga, ā, he pai hoki te ātete ki te ngenge.
(2) Māmā: Ko te taumaha o te whakakaha muka karāhe he 1/4 noa iho o te taumaha o te whakakaha maitai o te rahinga ōrite, me te mātotoru i waenga i te 1.5 me te 1.9 (g/cm3). (3) Ātete kaha ki te waikura: Ātete ki te waikura mai i ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, me ētahi atu matū; ātete ki te horo o ngā katote hauota me ngā otinga pH iti, inā koa te ātete kaha ki ngā matū waro me ngā matū hauota.
(3) Te hononga kaha o ngā rauemi: He tata ake te tauwehenga o te whakawhanuitanga wera o te raima whakakaha muka karāhe ki te tauwehenga o te sima i te tauwehenga o te maitai, ā, ka kaha ake te hononga i waenga i te raima whakakaha muka karāhe me te raima.
(4) Ngāwari te hoahoa: He pumau te āhua o te raima whakakaha muka karāhe, ā, he pumau hoki ngā āhua i raro i te ahotea wera. Ka taea te piko me te hanga ki tētahi āhua, he pai te mahi haumaru, kāore e kawe hiko, kāore e ātete ki te mura, ā, kāore hoki e paheke. Mēnā ka huri te tauira, kāore e puta he mura ina tukinga ki ngā konganuku.
(6) Kaha te uruhanga aukume: Ko te raima whakakaha muka karāhe he rauemi kore-aukume, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he maimoatanga tango-aukume i roto i ngā wāhanga raima kore-aukume, hiko-hiko rānei.
(7) Hanganga watea: Ka taea te hanga i te raima whakakaha muka karāhe i roto i ngā wāhanga paerewa me ngā wāhanga kore-paerewa me ngā wāhanga whakawhiti me ngā roa rerekē e ai ki ngā hiahia o te kaiwhakamahi. Ka taea te here i te papaanga mā te whakamahi i ngā whitiki whakatōtō kore-whakarewa, kia māmā ai te mahi.
| Ingoa | Pae Whakakahangia o te muka karāhe | Pae Rino |
| Kiato（g/cm3） | 1.5-1.9 | 7.8-7.9 |
| Kaha Kume (MPa) | ≥600 | ≥500 |
| Kaha Tukunga（MPa） | ≥600 | ≥300 |
| Kaha Pehi (MPa) | ≥500 | - |
| Te Tauwehenga o te Āhuatanga (GPa) | ≥40 | 210 |
| Te whakaroa (%) | ≥1.5 | ≥1.8 |
He tino kaha te ātete o te whakakaha muka karāhe ki te waikura, inā koa he tino manawanui ki ngā otinga pH me ngā matū waikura. Ahakoa i roto i ngā wāhi kua pāngia e te ua, i ngā taiao makuku rānei, he pai te ātete o te whakakaha muka karāhe ki te waikura i roto i te ahuwhenua, ā, he roa ake te ora mahi i te whakakaha maitai tuku iho.
2. Te Whakamahinga o te Whakakaha Hiko Karāhe i roto i te Ahuwhenua
(1) Kua roa te whakamahinga whānui o ngā taiapa ārai-tahae i roto i te ahuwhenua. Ka whakamahia e ngā taiapa tuku iho te whakakaha maitai hei tokotoko tautoko, engari ko te whakamahinga roa o waho ka arahi ki te waikura me te pakaru o te whakakaha maitai. Nā te kaha o te ātete waikura o te whakakaha hiato muka karāhe, he tino pai hei whakakapi mō te whakakaha maitai hei tokotoko tautoko.
(2) He mea nui te tautoko i ngā rākau i a rātou e tipu ana. Ko ngā tokotoko tautoko tuku iho he mea hanga ki te rakau me te maitai, engari ka puta te waikura me te koroheketanga i te whakamahinga roa, ā, ka kore e whai hua ngā tokotoko tautoko i ngā āhuatanga kino o te rangi.Whakakaha rauemi muka karāheehara i te mea he mama, he kaha hoki i te mea anake, engari he ātete pai ki te waikura, nō reira he hua tino pai hei whakakapi i ngā tokotoko tautoko rakau me te maitai.
(3) Ko ngā anga tautoko mō ngā whare kati kōtuhi ahuwhenua i hangaia i te rakau me te maitai. Nā te pāmahana teitei me te haumākū o te taiao, ka tawhito, ka waikura hoki ngā anga tautoko i hangaia i te rakau me te maitai, ka tū hei tūponotanga haumaru. Ka taea te hoahoa me te hanga i te whakakaha muka karāhe hei anga tautoko o ngā tauira me ngā whakaritenga rerekē e ai ki ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga. Ka taea te tāuta tika ki te papaanga, he mama, ā, he tino watea ki te hanga; he ātete hoki te rauemi ki te waikura me te kore e tawhito. I runga i te haumaru me te ōhanga, he tino pai te whakakaha muka karāhe hei hanganga tautoko whare kati kōtuhi.
(4) I te wā e tipu ana ngā hua me ngā huawhenua, he mea nui ngā anga tautoko kia pai ake ai te tipu. Ko ngā anga tautoko tuku iho he mea hanga ki te rakau me te maitai, engari nā te iti o te kaha, ka ngawari ki te koroheke me te waikura i roto i ngā taiao makuku. Kia pakeke ngā hua me ngā huawhenua, kia eke ki tētahi taumaha, ka hinga pea ngā anga tautoko. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te whakakaha muka karāhe he mama, he kaha, he ātete ki te waikura, he mea tino pai hei whakakapi i te rakau me te maitai hei anga tautoko mō ngā hua me ngā huawhenua.
3. WhakamutungaHanganga muka karāheKa whakakotahi te whakakaha i ngā āhuatanga miihini, ā-tinana, me te matū pai rawa atu o te kapia epoxy me te muka karāhe, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakaoti rapanga waikura o te maitai i roto i ngā taiao whakamahinga motuhake. Nā tōna utu pai, te hanga ngāwari, me te ātete pai ki te waikura kua ārahi i a ia ki te whakakapi haere i te maitai me te noho ki tētahi tūranga i roto i te mara ahuwhenua, e whai wāhi nui ana ki te whanaketanga o te ōhanga ā-motu.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-25-2025
