He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te karāpiti i roto i te hanga taputapu matū nā tōna ātete pai ki te waikura, te kawe hiko, me te pumau o te wera. Heoi, he ngoikore ngā āhuatanga miihini o te karāpiti, inā koa i raro i ngā āhuatanga pānga me te wiri.muka karāhe, hei rauemi hiato mahi-teitei, he nui ngā painga ina whakamahia ki ngā taputapu matū e ahu mai ana i te karāpeti nā tōna ātete ki te wera, te ātete ki te waikura, me ōna āhuatanga miihini pai rawa atu. Ko ngā painga motuhake ko:
(1) Te Whakarei Ake i te Mahi Mīhini
Ka taea e te kaha kume o te muka karāhe te eke ki te 3,450 MPa, he nui atu i te kaha o te karāhe, e ahu mai ana i te 10 ki te 20 MPa. Mā te whakauru i te muka karāhe ki roto i ngā rauemi karāhe, ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi ā-pūkaha whānui o ngā taputapu, tae atu ki te ātete ki te pānga me te wiri.
(2) Ātete ki te Waikura
He tino ātete te muka karāhe ki te nuinga o ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, me ngā whakarewa. Ahakoa he tino ātete te karāhe ki te waikura,muka karāhetērā pea ka tukuna he mahi tino pai i roto i ngā taiao matū tino kino, pērā i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei, ngā āhuarangi waikura, ngā taiao waikawa hauwaiwaihā rānei.
(3) Ngā Āhuatanga Wera Whakapai Ake
He tino iti te tauwehenga whakawhanui wera (CTE) o te muka karāhe, tata ki te 5.0×10−7/°C, e whakarite ana i te pumau o ngā āhuatanga i raro i te ahotea wera. Hei tāpiri, ko tōna ira rewa teitei (1,400–1,600°C) e whakarato ana i te ātete pāmahana teitei tino pai. Mā ēnei āhuatanga ka taea e ngā taputapu karāhe kua whakapakarihia ki te muka karāhe te pupuri i te hanganga me te mahi i roto i ngā taiao wera nui me te iti o te whakarerekētanga.
(4) Ngā Painga Taumaha
Me te mātotoru o te 2.5 karamu/cm3, he taumaha ake te muka karāhe i te karāhe (2.1–2.3 karamu/cm3) engari he mama ake i ngā rauemi whakarewa pērā i te maitai, te konumohe rānei. Mā te whakauru i te muka karāhe ki roto i ngā taputapu karāhe ka whakarei ake i te mahi me te kore e tino whakanui i te taumaha, ka tiakina te māmā me te āhua kawe o te taputapu.
(5) Te Whai Hua o te Utu
Ki te whakaritea ki ētahi atu rauemi hiato mahi-teitei (hei tauira, te muka waro), he iti ake te utu o te muka karāhe, ā, he pai mō ngā mahi ahumahi nui:
Ngā Utu Rauemi Mata:muka karāhehe iti te utu e whakamahia ana i te nuinga o te wā, engari ko te muka waro e whakamahi ana i te acrylonitrile utu nui.
Ngā Utu Hanga: E hiahiatia ana te tukatuka pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei mō ngā rauemi e rua, engari he maha atu ngā mahi uaua mō te hanga muka waro (hei tauira, te whakapūhui, te whakapūmau waikura, te whakapūhui waro), ka piki ake ai ngā utu.
Te Hangarua me te Whakakorenga: He uaua te hangarua i te muka waro, ā, he tūponotanga ki te taiao mēnā kāore i te tika te whakahaere, ka nui ake ngā utu whakakorenga. He rerekē, he ngāwari ake te whakahaere i te muka karāhe, ā, he pai hoki mō te taiao i ngā wā kua mutu te ora.
Wā tuku: 24 Paenga-whāwhā 2025
